Testing Services

Types Of Tests We Offer

Paternity

A paternity DNA test is a scientific method used to determine whether a man is the biological father of a child. The test compares the child’s DNA with that of the alleged father to assess the probability of a biological relationship.

Here’s a general overview of how it works:
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Twin Zygosity

A twin zygosity DNA test is designed to determine whether twins are identical (monozygotic) or fraternal (dizygotic). Here’s a detailed overview:

What is Zygosity?

Monozygotic Twins (Identical Twins): These twins originate from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. They share nearly identical DNA. Read More (+)

Avuncular (Aunt/Uncle)

Avuncular DNA testing is a genetic analysis used to determine the biological relationship between a child and an aunt or uncle. It’s often employed when paternity or maternity tests are not feasible, or to confirm the relationship when one or both parents are unavailable for testing.

How Avuncular DNA Testing Works:
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Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Test

A non-invasive prenatal paternity test is a method used to determine the biological father of an unborn child with a high degree of accuracy, without posing any risk to the fetus or mother. Here’s a detailed overview of how this test works:

How It Works:
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Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Testing

Sample Collection

Mother: A blood sample is taken from the pregnant mother. This sample contains fetal DNA that has entered her bloodstream.
Alleged Father: A DNA sample is collected from the alleged father, typically using a buccal swab (a cotton swab rubbed on the inside of the cheek).

DNA Extraction and Analysis

Fetal DNA: The fetal DNA is extracted from the mother’s blood sample. This DNA is then analyzed alongside the father’s DNA sample.
Comparison: The lab compares the genetic markers from the fetal DNA in the mother’s blood with those from the father’s DNA. This comparison assesses whether the genetic markers in the fetus match those of the alleged father.

Benefits

Non-Invasive: Unlike invasive prenatal tests (such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling), which carry some risk of miscarriage, this test only requires a blood sample from the mother, making it safer for both mother and baby.
Early Testing: It can be performed as early as the 7th week of pregnancy, allowing for early confirmation of paternity.
Accuracy: When performed correctly, non-invasive prenatal paternity tests are highly accurate, often achieving accuracy rates of 99% or higher.

Uses

Family Planning: Helps clarify paternity early in pregnancy for family planning purposes.
Legal Matters: Useful in legal situations, such as custody or child support disputes, where knowing the biological father is important.
Medical Reasons: Can assist in assessing hereditary health risks if the paternity needs to be confirmed for medical reasons.

Non-invasive prenatal paternity testing offers a safe, accurate, and early method to establish paternity, providing crucial information without endangering the pregnancy.

Results: The test results provide a probability of paternity. A high probability (typically 99% or higher) indicates a strong likelihood that the man is the biological father of the child. If the probability is low, the test excludes the man as the biological father.

Costs: $400

Grand-parentage

Grand-parentage DNA testing is a genetic analysis used to determine whether an individual is the biological grandparent of a child. This test is often employed when the biological parents are unavailable or when there are disputes regarding the child’s lineage.

Here’s a detailed overview:
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How It Works:
Sample Collection:

Child: A DNA sample is collected from the child, usually using a buccal swab (a cotton swab rubbed on the inside of the cheek).
Grandparents: DNA samples are collected from the child’s potential grandparents, also typically using buccal swabs. Sometimes, the parents of the child may also be tested if available.

DNA Extraction: The collected samples are processed in a laboratory to extract the DNA from each sample.

Genetic Analysis: The lab analyzes specific genetic markers in the DNA samples from the child and the grandparents. The analysis focuses on comparing these markers to determine if the genetic material from the grandparents is consistent with that of the child’s DNA.

Statistical Comparison: The lab performs statistical calculations to estimate the probability of the grand-parentage. This involves comparing the genetic markers to see if they align with the expected patterns of inheritance from the child’s parents. The results will indicate the likelihood that the tested individuals are the biological grandparents of the child.

Benefits:

Family Disputes: Helps resolve disputes about grand-parentage, which can be important for inheritance, custody, or family legal matters.
Medical History: Assists in understanding family medical history, which can be crucial for assessing genetic health risks and conditions.
When Parents Are Unavailable: Useful in situations where the child’s biological parents are unavailable or unwilling to participate in a direct parentage test.

Uses:

Legal Cases: Often used in legal contexts, such as inheritance claims or custody battles, to establish the biological link between a child and their grandparents.
Family Planning and Health: Provides clarity for family planning and medical reasons, especially when genetic conditions or hereditary diseases are a concern.

Grand-parentage DNA testing is a reliable method for establishing biological connections within a family, providing valuable information for personal, legal, and medical purposes.

Results: Testing time typically takes 3 to 6 business days. The results are provided in a report that details the probability of grand-parentage. A high probability (often 90% or higher) indicates a strong likelihood that the tested individuals are the child’s biological grandparents. If the probability is low, the test may exclude the individuals as the child’s biological grandparents.

Our fees for grandparent testing are as follows:

Non Legal Grandparent Office Test (includes 1 grandparent and 1 child): $600
Legal Grandparent Office Test (includes 1 grandparent and 1 child): $700
Home Grandparent DNA KIT (1 grandparent and 1 child): $500

Siblingship

Sibling DNA testing is used to determine whether two individuals are full siblings, half-siblings, or not related at all. This test is helpful in various situations where direct parentage testing (such as paternity or maternity tests) is not feasible.

Here’s a detailed description of how sibling DNA testing works:
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How It Works:
Sample Collection:

Siblings: DNA samples are collected from the individuals being tested. This is typically done using buccal swabs (cotton swabs rubbed on the inside of the cheek) or, less commonly, through blood samples.

DNA Extraction: The DNA is extracted from the collected samples in a laboratory.

Genetic Analysis: The lab analyzes specific genetic markers in the DNA samples. These markers are compared to identify shared genetic traits between the siblings. The test examines the genetic overlap to determine the likelihood of the siblings being full siblings (sharing both parents), half-siblings (sharing one parent), or unrelated.

Statistical Comparison: The analysis calculates the probability of the sibling relationship based on the genetic data. The comparison involves assessing the degree of genetic similarity between the two individuals. For full siblings, there is a high level of shared genetic material (about 50%). For half-siblings, there is a lower level of shared DNA (about 25%). If the individuals are not siblings, the shared DNA would be minimal.

Benefits:

Family Disputes: Useful in resolving disputes about sibling relationships, which can be important for inheritance, custody, or family dynamics.
Medical Reasons: Helps in understanding family medical history, which can be important for assessing genetic risks and conditions.
When Parents Are Unavailable: Provides information when direct parentage testing is not possible, such as when parents are deceased or unavailable.

Uses:

Legal Cases: Often used in legal contexts, such as inheritance disputes or custody battles, to establish sibling relationships.
Personal Curiosity: Provides clarity for individuals seeking to understand their family relationships or genealogy.
Health Assessment: Assists in understanding genetic predispositions and health risks by confirming sibling relationships.

Sibling DNA testing is a reliable method for determining familial connections, offering valuable insights for legal, medical, and personal purposes.

Results: Testing time typically takes 3 to 6 business days. The results are provided in a detailed report. It typically includes the probability of the individuals being full siblings, half-siblings, or unrelated. A high probability (e.g., 99% or higher) indicates a strong likelihood of the sibling relationship being confirmed.

Costs:

Additional Sibling Legal: $400
Non-Legal Sibling: $300

Infidelity

An infidelity DNA test is designed to detect the presence of another person’s DNA in a partner’s belongings to investigate suspicions of infidelity. This type of test can provide evidence that may support or refute concerns about a partner’s potential unfaithfulness.

Here’s a detailed description:
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How It Works:
Sample Collection:

Item Testing: DNA samples are collected from personal items associated with the partner suspected of infidelity. These items can include clothing, bedding, personal hygiene products, or any other items that might have come into contact with another person’s DNA.
Reference Samples: Sometimes, reference DNA samples from the individuals involved (such as the partner and the suspected third party) might be collected for comparison. However, in many cases, the test focuses on detecting unknown DNA rather than comparing specific individuals.

DNA Extraction: The DNA is extracted from the collected samples in a laboratory. This process involves isolating genetic material from the items in question.

Genetic Analysis: The lab analyzes the extracted DNA to identify and profile any foreign DNA found on the items. This is done using various forensic DNA techniques to detect and differentiate between different DNA profiles. If foreign DNA is detected, it is examined to determine if it matches any known profiles (if reference samples are available) or if it is an unknown profile.

Benefits:

Evidence Gathering: Helps provide evidence regarding suspicions of infidelity by detecting DNA from another person on personal items.
Privacy: Non-invasive and can be performed on items without needing direct contact with the partner.
Peace of Mind: Offers clarity for individuals who have concerns about their partner’s fidelity.

Limitations:

Context: The presence of another person’s DNA does not necessarily confirm infidelity, as DNA can be transferred in various non-suspicious ways (e.g., shared spaces or contacts).
Accuracy: The results depend on the quality of the samples and the amount of foreign DNA present.
Legal Use: Results from infidelity tests are not typically admissible in court or legal proceedings as definitive evidence of infidelity.

An infidelity DNA test provides a tool for investigating suspicions of unfaithfulness by detecting foreign DNA on personal items. While it can offer insights, it should be interpreted with caution and in the context of the broader circumstances.

Results: Testing time typically takes 3 to 6 business days. The test results are provided in a detailed report. The report will indicate whether foreign DNA was found and, if applicable, whether it matches the DNA of a specific individual (if reference samples were used). The report may also include the quantity of foreign DNA detected and the likelihood that it came from a third party.

Costs: $400

Ancestry testing

Ancestry DNA testing is a genetic analysis that provides insights into an individual’s ancestral origins and ethnic heritage. By examining specific markers in the DNA, these tests can offer information about a person’s ethnic background, geographic origins, and familial connections.

Here’s a detailed overview of how ancestry DNA testing works:
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How It Works:
Sample Collection:

DNA Collection: The test typically begins with the collection of a DNA sample from the individual. This is usually done using a buccal swab (a cotton swab rubbed on the inside of the cheek) or, less commonly, through a saliva sample. The sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.

DNA Extraction: The laboratory processes the sample to extract DNA from the collected cells.

Genetic Analysis: The lab examines specific regions of the DNA known as genetic markers. These markers are associated with various ancestral and ethnic traits. The analysis focuses on identifying patterns and variations in these markers to determine the individual’s genetic heritage.

Ethnicity Estimation:

Comparison with Reference Populations: The DNA is compared with genetic data from reference populations across different regions of the world. This helps estimate the individual’s ethnic composition and ancestral origins.
Ethnic Breakdown: The test provides a breakdown of the individual’s genetic ancestry, often in the form of percentages representing different ethnic or geographic groups.

Genealogical Insights:

Family Connections: Some tests offer features that connect individuals with potential relatives based on shared genetic markers. This can help people discover distant relatives or expand their family tree.
Historical Context: The results often include information about the historical and cultural background of different regions and ethnic groups.

Benefits:

Understanding Heritage: Provides insights into one’s ancestral origins and ethnic background, helping individuals learn more about their family history and cultural heritage.
Genealogical Research: Can assist in building or expanding family trees by connecting with distant relatives or uncovering new branches of family history.
Personal Insights: Offers a deeper understanding of genetic heritage and the migration patterns of ancestors.

Limitations:

Estimation Accuracy: Ethnicity estimates are based on comparisons with reference populations, which may evolve over time as more data becomes available. Results are estimates rather than precise figures.
Privacy Concerns: Some individuals may have concerns about how their genetic data is used or stored by testing companies.
Cultural Sensitivity: Ancestry results might sometimes simplify or generalize complex ancestral histories and cultural identities.

Ancestry DNA testing provides valuable insights into an individual’s ethnic origins and family history by analyzing genetic markers. It offers a way to explore personal heritage, connect with distant relatives, and understand ancestral roots.

Results: Testing time typically takes 3 to 6 business days. The results include a detailed report showing the estimated percentages of various ethnicities or geographic ancestries. For services that include genealogical features, the results may show matches with other users who share similar genetic markers.

Costs: $400

Types Of Tests We Offer

Paternity-Test

A paternity DNA test is a scientific method used to determine whether a man is the biological father of a child. The test compares the child's DNA with that of the alleged father to assess the probability of a biological relationship.

how it works:

Twin Zygosity-Test

A twin zygosity DNA test is designed to determine whether twins are identical (monozygotic) or fraternal (dizygotic). Here’s a detailed overview:

What is Zygosity?

Monozygotic Twins (Identical Twins):

These twins originate from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. They share nearly identical DNA.

Dizygotic Twins (Fraternal Twins):

These twins come from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. They are genetically similar to each other as regular siblings but share about 50% of their DNA.

How the Test Works:

Sample Collection:

DNA samples are collected from each twin. This is typically don

Testing Services

Types Of Tests We Offer

Paternity

Twin Zygosity

Avuncular (Aunt/Uncle)

Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Test

Grand-parentage

Siblingship

Infidelity

Ancestry testing

Types Of Tests We Offer

how it works:

Sample Collection

DNA Analysis

Comparison and Calculation

Results